The balls of a pendulum are in perfect rhyme, measuring the passage of time. Alpha particle A particle released by radioactive decay that consists of two protons and two neutrons – equivalent to the nucleus of a helium atom. Beta particle A particle released by radioactive beta decay – usually an electron, but rarely a positron. Beta particles are released from unstable atomic nuclei when a neutron transforms into a proton or, more rarely, vice versa. Gamma radiation A form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation released by various processes such as radioactive decay. Electron A low-mass elementary particle carrying negative electrical charge. Electrons are found in the orbital shells surrounding an atomic nucleus, and play a key role in chemical bonding. They are also the principal means by which electric current flows through materials. Proton A subatomic particle with substantial mass and positive electric charge, normally found in the atomic nucl...
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